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Non-governmental media organizations condemn the attacks by Chisinau Mayor Ion Ceban on the media covering Chisinau’s problems and his use of administrative resources to undermine press freedom, according to a statement signed by eight media NGOs, including the Independent Journalism Center (IJC). At two weekly meetings of Chisinau City Hall’s services, on March 13 and 20, Ion Ceban harshly criticized the media, including the public media service provider Teleradio Moldova, and was unhappy with the way journalists were dealing with problems in the municipality. The mayor described the journalistic material as “lies”, “half-measures”, “nonsense”, and “gross manipulation”. The signatories of the statement reminded the Mayor General of Chisinau that the Law on Freedom of Expression (Article 19) guarantees the right of any person, including journalists, to criticize the state and public authorities. At the same time, they asked Ion Ceban to adopt appropriate language and behavior and to refrain in the future from showing any form of intolerance towards journalists and media institutions. |
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The Intelligence and Security Service (ISS) has called for the blocking of five websites that “publish false information in areas affecting national security.” These are several clones of the Sputnik.md website previously blocked by the ISS. An order to this effect was signed on March 22 by ISS director Alexandru Musteata, writes the Independent Journalism Centre portal Mediacritica, referring to a press release issued by the institution. According to the ISS, “the list of online content sources promoting false information affecting national security under the state of emergency has been completed with the portals sputniknews.com, md.sputniknews.com, ro.sputniknews.com, sputniknews.ru, md.sputniknews.ru.” According to the ISS, providers of electronic communications networks and/or services are obliged to immediately block access to these sources for users in the Republic of Moldova.
It should be recalled that previously the IJC Mediacritica portal warned that “clones” of the Sputnik website, blocked for incitement to hatred, mass disorder, or war, remain accessible in the Republic of Moldova.In 2022, ISS issued orders to block 12 online resources promoting fake news in areas affecting national security, as well as online sources that, through the messages they promote, incite hatred, mass disorder, or war. The sites in question are Vkurse.md, Ehomd.info, Sputnik.md, Gagauznews.md, Rta.md, Flux.md, Iurierosca.md, Rosca.md, Acasa-24.site, Moldnod.ru, Rusnod.ru, Indigolotos.info. Two others were blocked in 2023: Eadaily.com and Bloknot.ru. |
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“Striking a balance between national security and citizens’ fundamental right to free expression, in the context of combating information disorder, can be a challenging task. It is important that any measures taken in this regard meet international standards and respect the principles of due process,” said the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, Teresa Ribeiro, during her visit to Chisinau from February 27 to March 3. During her visit to the Republic of Moldova, Teresa Ribeiro met with several officials and dignitaries, including representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of the Interior, the Parliament, and the Presidency. She also had meetings with the general director of Teleradio-Moldova, Vlad Țurcanu, the president of the Audiovisual Council, Liliana Vitu, experts on freedom of the press, human rights, and representatives of the media sector. The official also discussed the ongoing reform of legislation on access to information, stressing the importance of the process being conducted inclusively, through continuous public consultations, and the mechanism being implemented effectively. The subject of the audiovisual regulatory framework was also discussed including the independence of the public broadcasting service, Teleradio-Moldova, and of the regulatory authority, the BC. According to the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, the functioning of both institutions must be ensured by guaranteeing their independence, thus allowing pluralism of opinion and a favorable environment for press freedom. |
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An analysis published on March 3 by the European platform EUvsDisinfo notes an increase in falsehoods, misinformation, manipulation, and pro-Kremlin messages about the situation in the Republic of Moldova against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine. The authors of the EUvsDisinfo project point out that in recent weeks Russia has stepped up accusations that “Ukraine will attack Transnistria,” Maia Sandu is plotting with Kyiv, and “the West is pushing Chisinau towards conflict.” Tactics used by pro-Kremlin propaganda include falsifying information; spreading messages on various platforms, including Russian state-affiliated media; misrepresenting Moldova as being “in chaos”, a “puppet of the West”, and the population being “deceived by the government”, and using Russian propagandists such as Vladimir Solovyov, who gives former President Igor Dodon a platform to fuel these narratives. The Moldovan authorities reacted on the Telegram channel “First Source” to these messages, denying the Russian Defense Ministry’s manipulations and calling them “part of a psychological operation” of the Russian war against Ukraine. EUvsDisinfo’s analysis states that Moscow’s activity in recent months illustrates the use of hybrid tools such as economic pressure through gas exports, the use of Russian troops in Transnistria as scarecrows, collaboration with local political actors, and the spread of lies and fake news. |
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The Broadcasting Council (BC) imposed 447 penalties on media service providers and distributors for non-compliance with legislation governing audiovisual activity over the past year. These included 235 fines totaling 2,340,000 lei (117,000 euros) and 212 public warnings, according to the BC’s annual activity report. Thus, compared to previous years, the total number of warnings and fines ordered by the BC in 2022 increased significantly, with audiovisual media service providers being warned almost five times more and the total amount of fines being almost three times higher than the average of the last two years. According to the report, an important direction in the BC’s work has been to ensure control over the provisions on correct information of citizens. During the past year, the members of the BC examined 262 monitoring reports on audiovisual content. Only for violations in this chapter, 95 sanctions were applied, including 62 warnings and 33 fines totaling 320,000 lei (16,000 euros). The report underlines the attention of the members of the BC to how the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the security crisis in the region were reflected in the news and analytical programs. Some broadcasters avoided covering the developments of the war in their news bulletins, while others covered the actions of the Russian army positively. As a result, the BC imposed 55 sanctions, with a total fine of 213,000 lei (10,650 euros). For the first time since the entry into force of the Audiovisual Media Services Code, radio and TV stations were monitored regarding the proportion of local audiovisual programs. In this respect, 120 sanctions were applied, amounting to almost 1,000,000 lei (50,000 euros). Fines amounting to about 71,000 lei (3,550 euros) were also imposed for failure to comply with the loudness level between broadcasts and advertising. |
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The Teleradio-Moldova ombudsman has been given three months to remedy “the aspects that have been considered deficient in her work” so far, according to the institution’s director Vlad Turcanu. The decision was made after the company’s employee evaluation process was completed. The TRM director did not provide details of Carmelia Albu’s evaluation results, saying the information would be “for internal use.” Alexandrina Carpu, TRM’s chief of staff, also declined to detail the results of Carmelia Albu’s professional evaluation and of what she was accused. Carmelia Albu explained that she is currently working on a new concept for the service, based on the recommendations of the Council of Europe. Media Azi previously wrote about the findings of the public provider’s Supervisory and Development Council (SDC), according to which the work of the TRM’s Audience Ombudsman has been labeled ineffective in 2022. Over the past year, Carmelia Albu has reportedly submitted only one monthly activity report, “still refusing to fulfill her obligations.” |
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A cyber security authority will be created in the Republic of Moldova and public legal entities and some service providers will be obliged to comply with measures to secure networks and information systems to protect themselves from cyber-attacks. To this end, on March 16, MEPs voted in the second reading of the Law on Cyber Security. The document is a first for the Republic of Moldova and will enter into force on January 1, 2025. State Secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development and Digitization Viorel Garaz, rapporteur of the draft law in Parliament, justified the need for the law by the fact that cyber-attacks can have a destructive impact on both critical infrastructure and the security and integrity of personal or commercial data. The document would protect citizens and infrastructure from such threats. The law provides for the establishment of a national cyber-security authority to manage cyber incidents and coordinate the cyber incident response team. It will also create a governmental Cyber Incident Response Centre at the level of state-owned networks and information systems and a state register of cyber incidents. By the time the law enters into force on January 1, 2025, the government will identify the necessary budgetary sources and highly qualified specialists in the field to implement its provisions. |
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Jurnal TV has been ordered by the first court to retract information broadcast two years ago about Judge Oxana Robu, then a candidate for the Supreme Court of Justice (SCJ). The ruling, issued on February 28, also obliges the media provider to pay the protagonist 10,000 lei (500 euros) in moral damages. The judgment can be appealed within 30 days. Oxana Robu complained to the court after a report was aired on “Patrula Jurnal TV” on March 21, 2021, stating that several magistrates “with tarnished reputations” want to become judges at the Supreme Court of Justice. The judge believes that the TV channel alleged that she had facilitated several unfounded criminal trials for sentencing businessmen to prison to take over their businesses, and in doing so, damaged her honor, dignity, and professional reputation. Jurnal TV’s lawyer, Dumitru Pavel, told the Independent Journalism Centre’s Media Azi portal that the newsroom respected journalistic ethics in the material it put on the air. According to him, the allegations made in the report do not belong to the newsroom but refer to official sources or information previously published in the press. The editorial office also requested a comment from Judge Oxana Robu, in which she denied the allegations. Dumitru Pavel also said that he would challenge the decision of the Chisinau court in a higher court, claiming that it was “illegal, issued contrary to national legislation and in violation of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.” |
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The online media platform Tuk.md, which operates in the southern region of the Republic of Moldova, has won in the first instance in a case concerning the right of access to information. This obliges Taraclia City Hall to provide the information requested by the platform’s journalists on how several public funds were spent. The judgment was issued by the Cahul Court’s Central Headquarters on March 3, 2022. Tuk.md’s editorial staff received legal support from the Independent Journalism Center. The editor-in-chief of the media institution, Lidia Hadarah, told Media Azi that on April 20, 2022, Tuk.md asked the Taraclia City Hall for data on the funds spent from the city budget for the renovation of the conference hall and some offices. The newsroom also asked for information about the funds that the city hall requested from the Ministry of Finance in the summer of 2022 so that kindergartens would not be closed for two months. According to lawyer Maxim Todorov, who defended the interests of Tarsmi, the owner of Tuk.md, in the case, the newsroom did not receive the requested information, which is why it filed a lawsuit. “The representative of the Taraclia City Hall was present at the initial court hearings. Subsequently, at the last hearing, where we considered the case on its merits, no one appeared. Respectively, the court ordered the city hall to provide the requested information. Its representatives can challenge the decision at the Court of Appeal within the next 30 days,” the lawyer said. |
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Also in March, the online media platform Tuk.md obtained, in the first instance, the annulment of the order of the mayor of Taraclia, Veaceslav Lupov, banning video and audio recordings in the premises of the City Hall. The judgment was issued by the Cahul Court’s Central Headquarters on March 30, 2023. In this case too, the newsroom received legal support from the Independent Journalism Center. The restraining order, issued in April 2022, was invoked by Veaceslav Lupov in front of journalists before a meeting of the City Council, when the mayor tried to prevent the filming and live broadcasting of the authority’s meeting. The administrative act also required City Hall employees to draw up a regulation for the accreditation of journalists. In a statement published shortly after the incident, non-governmental media organizations expressed their concern about the Taraclia mayor’s attempts to prevent the professional work of Tuk.md journalists and called for the intervention of the State Chancellery to annul the mayor’s administrative act. At the same time, the signatories noted that the intention of the mayor of Taraclia to offer “credentials” to journalists so that they can film on the premises of the city hall and at the meetings of the city council is an abuse of the freedom of the press and the rights of media contributors, established in the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova and national legislation. |
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Broadcasting Council (BC) decided at its meeting on Friday, March 3 not to extend the broadcasting license of Orhei TV, because, according to the authority, the channel committed several violations of the general concept. For example, on December 2, 2022, Orhei TV was fined 5,000 lei (250 euros) for non-compliance with the audiovisual quotas of its own production and European works. Council representatives argue that, according to the provisions of the Audiovisual Media Services Code, the BC “shall extend the validity of the broadcasting license if the following requirements are cumulatively met: a) the media service provider has applied for an extension of the validity of the broadcasting license within the period provided for in para. (b) the media service provider has complied with the (general) principal concept, type, and structure of the audiovisual media service set out in the content of the broadcasting license; (c) the media service provider has not been sanctioned for serious infringements referred to in Art. 84 para. (8), (81), (9), (91), (10) to (103) of this Code.” Orhei TV is among the six providers whose license was suspended during the state of emergency at the end of last year. |
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How can the media contribute to refugee inclusion? Journalist Anastasia Nani and her interviewee, researcher Mihaela Negru tried to answer this question in a new edition of the Media Azi Show. Mihaela Negru was recently involved in a study about people who fled the war in a neighboring country and are now in Moldova. According to her, for more than a year now, refugees from Ukraine have been forced to adapt to the realities of their host country. Access to sources of information would help them cope more easily. Therefore, the role of the media in the process of refugee inclusion should not be ignored. |
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The Independent Journalism Center has launched a campaign to reduce existing stereotypes about socially vulnerable and marginalized groups and to improve society’s attitudes toward them. It will be conducted in three stages and will include various activities. In the first phase, the IJC will promote the experience of representatives of socially vulnerable groups. They will tell their stories in video reports. The IJC will also produce a series of explanatory materials that will address the concept of inclusion in a way that is understandable to all. Inclusion issues and the contribution the media can make to a more inclusive society will be discussed in the IJC’s Media Azi program and several analyses published on the Mediacritica platform. Journalists, media experts, and human rights defenders will detail issues related to inclusion and beyond, accompanied by valuable recommendations for the media community. IJC executive director Nadine Gogu explains the need for the campaign by saying that “we still live in a society where discrimination is felt.” According to her, the name of the campaign was not chosen by chance, because inclusion starts with each one of us, through the actions and decisions we take in certain situations and people we interact with. Project Coordinator at the Swiss Cooperation Office Natalia Cernat welcomed the IJC initiative, stressing that the exclusion of large social groups, such as people with disabilities, the elderly, and Roma, is a violation of human rights. “This initiative has a chance to fill several gaps, to develop empathy, to build bridges to rational judgments,” said Galina Climov, executive director of the Alliance of Organizations of People with Disabilities in Moldova. The “Inclusion Starts with Me” campaign will run for 16 months. Information about the activities organized within the framework of the campaign will be published on the IJC website – www.cji.md, as well as on social networks managed by the IJC. “Inclusion Starts with Me” is a campaign organized within the project “Building cohesion in Moldova through promoting social inclusion and diminishing discrimination” carried out by the Independent Journalism Center within the program “Joint Initiative for Equal Opportunities – Phase II”, implemented from the resources provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). |
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23 Roma representatives from the city of Soroca participated for the first time in a media literacy workshop organized on March 10 by the Independent Journalism Center. During the event, participants learned what media literacy is and how important it is to think critically about what they watch on TV, listen to on the radio, and read in print/online or on social media. According to IJC program coordinator Victoria Tataru, this is the fourth locality, after Ocnita, Criuleni, and Falesti, where the IJC team has organized thematic media literacy workshops. The workshops aim to encourage young people to become active media consumers and to ask themselves questions about the information they access from various sources to assess its factuality. During the media literacy workshop in Soroca, expert Diana Raileanu challenged young people to an interactive activity to demonstrate how the message is often distorted. In conclusion, she advised participants to always look for the primary source, and if it’s hard to get to it, then talk to more than one person, especially if the topic is controversial. Diana Raileanu told those present that critical thinking is the main weapon against misinformation. The workshop was also attended by journalist Natalia Vrancean, editor-in-chief of the regional publication “Ziarul Nostru” in Soroca, who warned young people not to distribute information if they are not sure of its veracity, so as not to mislead others. The workshop was organized by the Independent Journalism Center (IJC), within the project “Building cohesion in Moldova through promoting social inclusion and diminishing discrimination.” The project is carried out by the IJC as part of the program “Joint Initiative for Equal Opportunities – Phase II”, implemented from the resources provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). |
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“The media plays an important role in the process of inclusion, and ensuring equal rights for all people is one of the declared objectives of the Moldovan authorities, especially in the context of our country’s status as a candidate country for accession to the European Union,” says journalist Natalia Porubin, a member of the Moldovan Press Council, in an analysis published on the Mediacritica.md portal. She refers to a study carried out a few years ago by the Partnership for Development Centre, which showed that “people in our country have an extremely low level of acceptance for seven minority groups: LGBT people, people living with HIV, ex-prisoners, Muslims, people of African origin, Roma people and people with intellectual disabilities.” She says that while tolerance must be taught in families and schools, the media has one of the most important roles “in this equation of acceptance.” When asked “what can journalists do to change the balance of non-acceptance in favor of a more inclusive society,” Natalia Porubin recommended that, first, they “should completely avoid discriminatory language and terminology, which can incite hatred.” Apart from terminology, every editor and journalist who wants to write fairly about disadvantaged groups must also keep in mind other simple rules, such as protecting the identity of disadvantaged people, avoiding denigrating terms, moderating comments on newsroom websites or social media, and finally, respecting the dignity of the person they are reporting on. The material was publishd as part of the “Inclusion Starts with Me” campaign implemented by the Independent Journalism Center (IJC), within the project “Building cohesion in Moldova through promoting social inclusion and diminishing discrimination.” The project is carried out by the IJC as part of the program “Joint Initiative for Equal Opportunities – Phase II,” implemented from the resources provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). |
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From 2023-2025, the Independent Journalism Center will pilot the Program on Integrating Media Literacy Content into Core School Subjects. All the activities of this comprehensive process are part of the new project launched by the IJC in the field of media education, supported by the Deutsche Welle Akademie. In the framework of the project “Strengthening media literacy in the Republic of Moldova: Piloting the integrated approach in formal education,” the IJC will create a network of 30 general education institutions, with a representative geographical distribution, in which, over the next three years, this initiative will be piloted, based also on the experience of other countries where, at the level of the educational system, the information literacy and media education component is integrated into school curricula. Thus, for each year of study during the three years of the project, the IJC will identify ten educational institutions and select two teachers from each school who, following a comprehensive training program, will pilot the integration of media literacy concepts into the subjects of the Language and Communication Area (Romanian and English). The IJC experts will develop the methodology and modules for the subjects mentioned at the secondary school level (6th grade) and high school level (10th grade), and teachers will be trained on how to use them in three training and professionalization programs, carried out in each year of the three-year project. The final list of schools in which the Program will be piloted will be coordinated and approved by the Ministry of Education and Research (MEC), in line with the commitment to support the integrated approach to media education made by the MEC through the Memorandum of Understanding signed with the IJC in December 2022. Also, during the new project, the IJC will continue to carry out other editions of the competition “Media Education – a priority in my school,” training programs for teachers on the implementation of the optional subject Media Education, as well as the Media Education Week to promote the subject in general education institutions in Moldova. In October 2023, Internews in Moldova, DW Akademie, and IJC will organize the second edition of the Media Education Forum, which aims to bring the latest topics and analyze the challenges in the field of media education. An important focus of the Forum will be the integrated approach to media education. The project “Strengthening media literacy in the Republic of Moldova: Piloting the Integrated Approach in Formal Education,” is implemented by the IJC in partnership with the Deutsche Welle Akademie and with the support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). |
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The Republic of Moldova has so far been condemned by the European Court of Human Rights in 568 cases, 21 of which relate to violations of Article 10 of the ECHR on freedom of expression. The guest of the March edition of the cuMINTE podcast, Daniel Goinic, director of the Human Rights Program at the Legal Resources Centre of Moldova, explains what freedom of expression means and under what circumstances the state can be condemned at the European Court of Human Rights for violation of Article 10 of the Convention. According to the guest, the three central characteristics of the right to freedom of expression, as defined by the ECHR, are freedom of opinion, freedom to receive any information or ideas, and freedom to communicate information or ideas without interference by public authorities and regardless of frontiers. However, the guest on the program points out, the European Convention, in paragraph 2, provides for an exhaustive list of limitations to the right of expression, for example, where this right would lead to a breach of national security, territorial integrity, or where it is necessary to prevent an action, protect the reputation or rights of another person, etc. At the same time, the guest of the cuMINTE podcast points out that freedom of expression is a right that must be seen in cooperation with other rights, like freedom of expression, or the right NOT to be discriminated. In conclusion, “freedom of expression is a right, but also an obligation. And each of us citizens must know the borderline – when we must use the right to freedom of expression and when we must not,” says Daniel Goinic. Listen to the podcast HERE. The cuMINTE podcast is produced by the Independent Journalism Center (IJC) within the project “Promoting media literacy among media consumers through quality media content” that is being implemented in the period November 2022-March 2023 and supported by the Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR). The views expressed in this material do not necessarily represent those of the IWPR or its partners. |
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The Independent Journalism Centre and the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Moldova have launched the third edition of the Tulip Press Awards. The event aims to encourage journalists to cover various topics related to human rights in their journalistic material to raise awareness of human rights issues in Moldova. In the two sections – Video and Online/Print Press – journalists wishing to participate in the competition will have to submit two materials produced and published between April 1, 2022, and April 10, 2023. They should reflect the theme of human rights in the Republic of Moldova, such as the rights of ethnic minorities, access to fair justice, problems faced by human rights defenders, freedom of the media, the right to education, the right to health, the right to a healthy environment, the right to information and others. The winners will be announced on May 3, 2023, in the context of Freedom of the Press Days, and the awards will be presented at a special event to be organized during May in Chisinau. The competition is organized by the IJC with the financial support of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Moldova. |
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IJC and Internews Updates |
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The Independent Journalism Center has updated the credibility ratings of 41 news websites. The results have been published on the Media Radar platform since March 2. On March 7, the IJC updated the latest credibility ratings for this round: Zdg.md, Protv.md, Tribuna.md, Moldova.org, Diez.md, Newsmaker.md, Tuk.md, Nordnews.md, Tv6.md, and Tvn.md. TV6 and TV Nord were monitored for the first time using the monitoring criteria described in the Media Radar methodology. On March 2, 3, and 6, the IJC announced the results for 31 portals: Esp.md, Unimedia.info, Timpul.md, A-tv.md, Noi.md, Ziarulnational.md, Publika.md, Gagauzinfo.md, Mold-street.com, Agora.md, Kp.md, Aif.md, Omg.md, Grt.md, Actualitati.md, Cotidianul.md, Jurnal.md, Observatorul.md, Telegraph.md, Ipn.md, Infotag.md, Tv8.md, Primelestiri.md, Deschide.md, Replicamedia.md, Realitatea.md, Paranteze.md, Nokta.md, Moldova1.md, Ziuadeazi.md, and N4.md. In the case of each portal, IJC selected a sample of political, social, and economic news published in February 2023. The portals were evaluated based on several criteria, described in the monitoring methodology: availability of identification data; editorial policy statement; publicly assumed professional standards, such as the Code of Ethics of Journalists in the Republic of Moldova; quality of media products, and accessibility of site navigation. This is the first round conducted by the IJC in 2023. Through the Media Radar platform, the IJC aims to help media consumers navigate more easily through the information offered daily by the many online media resources. The monitoring of online portals was conducted by the Independent Journalism Center (IJC) as part of the “Media Enabling Democracy, Inclusion and Accountability in Moldova” (MEDIA-M) project, funded by USAID and the UK and implemented by Internews in Moldova, which aims to promote the development of independent and professional media and create a media sector more resilient to political and economic pressures. |
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In April and May 2023, the Independent Journalism Center will conduct two media literacy trainings for secondary school teachers. The first, in Romanian, will take place on April 28-30, and the second, in Russian, from May 5 to 7. Both activities will take place offline in Chisinau and will be taught by the authors of the Media Literacy textbooks, Loretta Handrabura and Natalia Grîu. According to the IJC, the training programs are based on the curriculum for the optional Media Literacy course at the secondary level, developed by the IJC and approved by the National Curriculum Council. The trainings aim to develop teachers’ media literacy skills, which will then help them to cultivate critical thinking skills in their students and help them to become informed and responsible media consumers by teaching Media Literacy in school. The training is conducted by the Independent Journalism Center (IJC) as part of the “Media Enabling Democracy, Inclusion and Accountability in Moldova” (MEDIA-M) project, funded by USAID and the UK and implemented by Internews in Moldova, which aims to promote the development of independent and professional media and create a media sector more resilient to political and economic pressures. |
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Media Stakeholders to Convene at Media Policy Forum on May 4, 2023 |
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Freedom House has partnered with Mediacor to organize Media Policy Forum 2023 on Thursday, May 4, at Mediacor’s premises located at Alexei Mateevici Str., 60, Chisinau, Moldova. This year’s Media Policy Forum will convene around 100 policymakers, civil society leaders, international experts, members of academia, and representatives of the media, international organizations, and other governments to examine the regulation of new audiovisual content in Moldova. During the three discussion panels, the organizers plan to hold important conversations on supporting local broadcasters’ distribution of European and local audiovisual works, the potential of AI-generated content in Moldova’s information landscape, and the regulation of video-sharing platforms. For those who are not able to attend in-person, there will also be an option to participate online. More information about Media Policy Forum 2023 will be available in the coming weeks. |
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